Research

The research behind GutID

Peer-reviewed work using the long-read ribosomal sequencing approach behind Titan-1, together with the method papers it rests on. The list spans human clinical studies, method development, and animal and environmental research — filter by theme below.

This is our own research, and it is about the platform. The separate literature that a GutID report's food, supplement and lifestyle recommendations are interpreted against is the evidence base — 94 independent papers.

30+ peer-reviewed publications

Sequencing methods

FoundationalSequencing methods

Finding the right fit: evaluation of short-read and long-read sequencing approaches to maximize the utility of clinical microbiome data

Compares short-read and long-read approaches head to head, and sets out where each one's resolution limit actually falls.

Gehrig et al., Microbial Genomics, 2022. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000794
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FoundationalSequencing methods

High-resolution differentiation of enteric bacteria in premature infant fecal microbiomes using a novel rRNA amplicon

The paper introducing the long rRNA amplicon the platform is built on, applied to enteric bacteria in preterm infants.

Graf et al., mBio, 2021. doi:10.1128/mbio.03656-20
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Sequencing methods

Improved DNA extraction and amplification strategy for 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based microbiome studies

Extraction and amplification strategy: what you recover before sequencing sets the ceiling on everything after it.

Hong et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024. doi:10.3390/ijms25052966
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Sequencing methods

Comparison of lysis and amplification methodologies for optimal 16S rRNA gene profiling for human and mouse microbiome studies

Direct comparison of lysis and amplification methods, the step that decides which organisms are recoverable at all.

Rastegari et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025, 26:1-15.
Sequencing methods

Analysis of microbial composition and sharing in low-biomass human milk samples: a comparison of DNA isolation and sequencing techniques

How isolation and sequencing choices change the answer in low-biomass samples, where method artefacts are hardest to separate from biology.

Spreckels et al., ISME Communications, 2023. doi:10.1038/s43705-023-00325-6
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Sequencing methods

MinION nanopore sequencing of skin microbiome 16S and 16S-23S rRNA gene amplicons

Compares a short 16S target against the longer 16S-23S region on the same samples.

Rozas et al., Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2022. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.806476
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Sequencing methods

Fecal microbiome composition and diversity of cryopreserved stool at different duration and storage conditions

Storage and cryopreservation effects on stool samples, which is directly relevant to how a mailed sample is handled before it reaches a lab.

Barko et al., PLOS ONE, 2024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294730
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Gut and digestive health

Gut and digestive health

Mucosal microbiome in patients with early bowel polyps: inferences from short-read and long-read 16S rRNA sequencing

Early bowel polyps profiled with both short-read and long-read 16S, in the same patients.

Welham et al., Cancers, 2023. doi:10.3390/cancers15205045
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Gut and digestive health

Intestinal dysbiosis as an intraoperative predictor of septic complications

Human surgical cohorts plus preclinical models, testing whether intestinal dysbiosis carries predictive information.

Spari et al., Scientific Reports, 2023. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49034-z
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Gut and digestive health

Identification of age-associated microbial changes via long-read 16S sequencing

Age-associated shifts in the gut community, resolved with long-read 16S.

Toh et al., Gut Pathogens, 2024. doi:10.1186/s13099-024-00650-8
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Maternal and infant health

Maternal and infant health

High-resolution microbiome analysis reveals exclusionary Klebsiella species competition in preterm infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis

Species-level competition between Klebsiella in preterm infants, a distinction that is invisible at genus level.

Coleman et al., Scientific Reports, 2023. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34735-2
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Maternal and infant health

Dysbiotic vaginal microbiota induces preterm birth cascade via pathogenic molecules in the vagina

Vaginal microbiota and the preterm birth cascade.

Ansari et al., Metabolites, 2024. doi:10.3390/metabo14010045
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Maternal and infant health

The assessment of microbiome changes and fecal volatile organic compounds during experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Microbiome change tracked alongside fecal volatile organic compounds in experimental NEC.

Hosfield et al., Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.043
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Maternal and infant health

Chondroitin sulfate supplementation improves clinical outcomes in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis

A supplementation intervention assessed against outcomes in a murine NEC model.

Manohar et al., Physiological Reports, 2023. doi:10.14814/phy2.15819
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ThesisMaternal and infant health

The role of maternal exercise in shaping the offspring gut microbiome

Maternal exercise and the offspring gut microbiome. Listed in the Intus bibliography as a university repository record rather than a journal article.

Togliatti, 2024. Ohio State University Knowledge Bank.
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Gut-brain and behavior

Gut-brain and behavior

Associations between gut microbiota characteristics and non-motor symptoms following pharmacological and surgical treatments in Parkinson disease patients

Gut microbiota characteristics against non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease, across treatment types.

Gorecka-Mazur et al., Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2024. doi:10.1111/nmo.14846
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Gut-brain and behavior

Maternal anxiety, depression, and stress affects offspring gut microbiome diversity and bifidobacterial abundances

Maternal psychological state against measured diversity and bifidobacterial abundance in offspring.

Galley et al., Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.005
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Gut-brain and behavior

Stress and depression-associated shifts in gut microbiota: a pilot study of human pregnancy

Pilot human pregnancy study of stress- and depression-associated shifts in the gut community.

Rajasekera et al., Brain, Behavior and Immunity - Health, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100730
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Gut-brain and behavior

The microbial community dynamics of cocaine sensitization in two behaviorally divergent strains of collaborative cross mice

Community dynamics tracked against a behavioral phenotype in two genetically distinct mouse strains.

Tran et al., Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2023. doi:10.1111/gbb.12845
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Metabolic and systemic health

Metabolic and systemic health

High-resolution taxonomic characterization reveals novel human microbial strains with potential as risk factors and probiotics for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Strain-level characterization surfacing previously undescribed human strains in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Hendricks et al., Microorganisms, 2023. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030758
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Metabolic and systemic health

Bone loss is ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation through the SCFA/GPR41/IGF1 pathway in sickle cell disease mice

A mechanistic route from gut community to bone, via short-chain fatty acid signalling, in a disease model.

Xiao et al., Scientific Reports, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25244-9
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Clinical diagnostics

Clinical diagnostics

Development of a biomarker signature using grating-coupled fluorescence plasmonic microarray for diagnosis of MIS-C

A biomarker signature for diagnosing MIS-C. Included in the Intus bibliography as a collaboration; it is a diagnostics paper rather than a microbiome sequencing one.

Maltz-Matyschsyk et al., Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2023. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066391
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Clinical diagnostics

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification of Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii, and Escherichia fergusonii

Distinguishing closely related Escherichia species, the same identification problem long-read resolution addresses at scale.

Lindsey et al., Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2017.06.005
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Animal and environmental

Animal and environmental

Evaluation of 16S long read metabarcoding for characterizing the microbiome and Salmonella contamination of retail poultry meat

Long-read metabarcoding applied to food safety surveillance.

Tobar et al., Journal of Food Protection, 2025, 88(2):100434. doi:10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100434
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Animal and environmental

Microbial populations vary between the upper and lower respiratory tract, but not within biogeographic regions of the lung of healthy horses

Body-site resolution of microbial populations in healthy horses.

Bishop et al., Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105141
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Animal and environmental

Stability of gastric fluid and fecal microbial populations in healthy horses under pasture and stable conditions

Baseline stability of microbial populations under changing environmental conditions.

Bishop et al., Animals, 2024. doi:10.3390/ani14202979
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Animal and environmental

Species-level gut microbiota analysis after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in horses

Species-level tracking of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and what follows it.

Di Pietro et al., Animals, 2021. doi:10.3390/ani11102859
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Animal and environmental

Investigation of the vaginal microbiota of dairy cows through genetic sequencing of short and long reads, and associations with gestational status

Short-read and long-read sequencing compared on the same samples, against a physiological outcome.

Souza et al., PLOS ONE, 2023. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290026
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Animal and environmental

Multi-omics characterization of host-derived Bacillus spp. probiotics for improved growth performance in poultry

Strain-level characterization of candidate probiotic organisms.

Susanti et al., Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.747845
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Animal and environmental

Growth promotion and antibiotic induced metabolic shifts in the chicken gut microbiome

Metabolic shifts in a gut community following antibiotic exposure.

Plata et al., Communications Biology, 2022. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03239-6
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PreprintAnimal and environmental

Interactions between time on diet, antibiotic treatment, and liver abscess development on the fecal microbiome of beef cattle

Diet duration, antibiotic treatment and disease development considered together. Posted as a preprint and not peer reviewed.

Plata et al., bioRxiv, 2022 (preprint). doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508319
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Animal and environmental

Metagenomics and metabarcoding experimental choices and their impact on microbial community characterization in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

How experimental choices change the community you appear to measure.

Rieder et al., Environmental Microbiome, 2023. doi:10.1186/s40793-023-00459-z
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Animal and environmental

Microbial community analysis and food safety practice survey-based hazard identification and risk assessment for controlled environment hydroponic and aquaponic farming systems

Community analysis applied to hazard identification in controlled-environment agriculture.

Dong and Feng, Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.879260
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Two libraries

Which library answers which question

Our own publications are about the platform — they do not evidence what a change in diet or supplements will do. That is a different body of literature, and the report cites it separately. Keeping the two apart is deliberate.

Our research — 30+ peer-reviewed publications

Work using the long-read ribosomal approach behind Titan-1, plus the method papers it rests on. It covers how the platform sequences, how precisely it resolves organisms, and how it was validated — across human clinical, method development, and animal and environmental studies.

That is this page.

The evidence base — 94 papers

The independent, third-party literature cited in the back of every GutID report: how gut bacteria relate to the systems a report reads, and what is known about diet, supplements and medication changing the gut community.

These are not GutID research. Each entry notes what the paper covers and what kind of study it is. Open the evidence base.

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